Essar Oil (UK) Limited (Essar) is delighted to join forces with Fulcrum BioEnergy Limited (Fulcrum) and Essar's subsidiary company Stanlow Terminals Limited to create a new facility which will convert non-recyclable household waste into sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) for use by airlines operating at UK airports. Essar became the first Indian company to operate in the waters of the Atlantic. Box 874308 Main phone: 480-965-7682 Fax: 480-965-9199 Undergraduate & Graduate Advising. Choose Additional Cities in Arizona by Selecting the First Letter of the City. Managing Director, Finance, Infra, Tech & Retail, at Essar Capital. Rakesh Kankanala is the Managing Director, Managing Director, M&A, Infrastructure, of Essar Capital. This included an oil terminal at Vadinar with a capacity to receive 32 MTPA of crude, 14 MTPA product dispatch facilities through sea, crude storage facilities, and product dispatch facilities by road and rail. Vertex Hydrogen is a joint venture between Essar Oil UK and Progressive Energy. Stanlow Oil refinery at Ellesmere Port in northwest England Why you can trust Sky News The owner of the vast Stanlow oil refinery in north-west England is in urgent talks about its future amid concern that it could be nearing collapse. Essar Oil UK Ltd - Code Of Conduct.pdf document - PDF | 4.8MB, Essar Oil UK - Anti-Slavery and Human Trafficking Statement.pdf document - PDF | 85.6KB, Essar Gender Pay Gap 2021.pdf document - PDF | 1.2MB, Tax Strategy Policy.pdf document - PDF | 481.5KB, The Stanlow Terminals Road Terminal which has significant spare capacity which provides supply resilience for the region, A direct connection via the UK Oil Pipeline through to Kingsbury, Northampton and beyond towards London, A pipeline connection to the UKs busiest regional airport at Manchester, Six berths on the Manchester Ship Canal handling export parcels of up to 10,000 tonnes, 4.4 billion litres of diesel every year - enough to drive a car doing 40 mpg 4,000 times around the equator every day, 3billion litres of petrol a year enough to drive a car 20 million times around the world, 2billion litres of jet fuela year enough to fuel 17,000 jumbo jets flying from Manchester to Los Angeles, Stanlow is one of thelargest refineries in Europe covering an area the equivalent of 300 football pitches, The refinery processes up to 9million tonnes of crude every year - thats more than 20,000 litres per minute, Distribution of products from Stanlow is mainly via road and pipeline. Most Recent Shipment: 04/07/2022 (Database Updated . He has overseen Essars BPO and Power businesses, Smiti is a self-driven business leader and a true entrepreneur at heart. At that price, steel plant operations were simply unsustainable. Earlier this year, it announced its participation in production of blue hydrogen under the HyNet project. By using SAF derived from residual domestic household and commercial waste, greenhouse gas emissions are reduced significantly on a lifecycle basis when compared to fuels produced from conventional crude oil. At Hazira, a deep draft berth and shipping channel was constructed to enhance the cargo handling capacity by bringing larger vessels alongside the berth. Not one to lag behind, Essar seized every opportunity that came its way. At the same time, the 8 MTPA iron ore beneficiation plant at Bailadila and the 267-km slurry pipeline were completed. Updated: 27 Jan 2022, 06:04 AM IST Subhash Narayan The UK's first low carbon hydrogen facility at Essar Stanlow will sit at the heart. As a result of that work over the past few months, EOUK has $1.1bn [800m] in liquidity secured. REUTERS/Phil Noble LONDON, Nov 30 (Reuters) - Essar Oil UK said on Wednesday it planned. With over 30 years of experience in operational leadership, investment management and business growth across diverse sectors, Srinivasan provides critical evaluation on current and future capital investments. School of Social Transformation. . Tempe, Arizona white page directory listings include full name, phone number and address. However, Swiss PTT wanted to shut shop as part of its strategy to exit all Asian operations. He also has rich experience in leading change management, cultural transformation, organisational redesign and restructuring. He was appointed as MD & CEO of Essar Shipping, Ports & Logistics Limited in 2010. He also worked at Essar Oil Limited, India, as CEO Marketing & IST, and was responsible for Retail Sales, Direct Sales, Retail Network Expansion, Sourcing Crude, Trading of Petroleum Products and Supply & Distribution in India and Kenya. EGFL has a globally benchmarked robust risk and regulatory framework. The sponge iron plant, initially set up with a capacity of 0.88 million tonne per annum (MTPA), was expanded to produce 1.32 MTPA. Essar teamed up with Brown & Root of USA in laying an under-sea pipeline from the offshore Bassein gas field to Hazira. Raj Varma is an Advisor, at Essar Capital. Essar Constructions grew its activities considerably over the years. Hutchison Essars subscriber base, too, has risen from 1,50,000 to 28 million. In addition, in an honorary capacity, Adithya is currently the Senior Vice President at the India Chapter of Institute of Internal Auditors Inc, USA and President elect for 2021 22. Our ambition is to become a leading low carbon refinery. Mr Mehra is involved in various Essar initiatives in areas of Business Strategy, Investments, Corporate Governance, Risk Management and Sustainability. Essar saw a great opportunity and bought Indias first private tanker in 1976 for around USD 2 million. Plant owner Essar is also investing in a . It still owes 223m, and was reportedly due to start repayments this week. Essar and the + device are registered trademarks of the Rising Groups Limited, an Essar Group company. He has significant experience of managing strategic transactions, acquisitions and raising capital across industries including Financial Services, Information Technology and Manufacturing (Cement, Sugar, Refractories, Power, Renewable Energy, Steel & Healthcare). Mumbai - 400034 Essar is to make a 1.98bn investment at its Stanlow refinery as it continues its low carbon energy transformation / Picture: Essar Group Prashant Ruia, director of Essar Capital , said: "The launch of EET is a major milestone in Essar's long-standing commitment to put the UK at the forefront of low carbon energy. Plans for Fulcrum NorthPoint are expected to be complete at the end of this year and subject to planning consent, will be operational in late 2025. This led to financial sanctions being imposed on India and Indian companies no longer had access to foreign funds. A general view of Essar Oil UK's Stanlow oil refinery near Ellesmere Port, Britain, September 27, 2021. Many steel companies at that time went down under. It monitors and manages the entire portfolio of investments owned by EGFL. The plant has a high availability factor of 99 percent. Such emission reductions are approximately 70% and have the future potential to be fully carbon neutral. However, Essars chosen policy was to get into areas of import substitution, high technology and national importance. Prior to joining Essar Capital, he lead several reputed public sector and private steel companies, including Steel Authority of India Limited and Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited as their Chairman and Managing Director. Ensuring your bulk liquid products reach their destinations with ease. Marg, Mahalaxmi, Mumbai - 400034 Maharashtra, India. One of Essars strengths has been its ability to invest in businesses that have the potential for growth and its strategy to diversify as a hedge against cyclicality. Address. He brings with him 39 years of experience, and has extensive experience in the renewable energy sector. This debt was refinanced later when the government set up the Power Finance Corporation. Fulcrum is actively developing Fulcrum NorthPoint at the Essar Stanlow Manufacturing Complex in Cheshire, in the North West of England. He is responsible for capital raising, financial performance improvement, risk monitoring and corporate banking. Since early August, the company has increased its daily vehicle shifts from 52 to more than 70, and is aiming to increase deliveries to more than 80 by the end of October, it said. When Essar conceived the project, international steel prices were in the region of USD 450 per tonne. Rajiv Agarwal is the Operating Partner, Infrastructure, at Essar Capital and Managing Director, Essar Ports.He has over 30 years of experience and has held leadership positions in sectors such as Ports, Shipping, Telecom, Retail and Business Processing Outsourcing. Fulcrum is actively developing Fulcrum NorthPoint at the Essar Stanlow Manufacturing Complex in Cheshire, in the North West of England. Managing Director, Finance, Infra, Tech & Retail. Stanlow also plays an important part in Britains petrochemical industry, providing feedstocks such as toluene, propylene and ethylbenzene. But the Sunday Times reported that the government was on alert in case Stanlow collapsed, and that it could go into insolvency if it could not raise more funds. If you would like a quote for delivery . Eventually, the loan was sanctioned, with a repayment structure that was unique for its time. In addition, Fulcrum NorthPoint was awarded a grant by the UK Government Department for Transport. Copyright 2023 Essar. This will be the first Fulcrum plant outside the United States. Aviation is one of the most hard to decarbonise transport sectors and sustainable aviation fuel is a key enabler for the reduction of carbon emissions. He is an experienced professional and an industry veteran, with 33 years experience with Tata Steel and 11 years with Jindal Steel & Power. Our DNA is to invest with spirit of an entrepreneur, build assets with the passion of an owner and manage businesses with the discipline of a professional. Well do this through a combination of our unique geographical location, decades of experience and a passion for a greener, cleaner planet. Now, Essar is all set to team up with the new JV partner Vodafone to take growth to the next level. Stanlow has 800 employees, and is a key strategic national asset, annually producing over 16% of the UKs road transport fuels, while playing a key role in Britains broader petrochemical industry. Operating Parter, Infrastructure & MD & CEO, Essar Ports. These include the construction of two new low carbon hydrogen production units on site as part of HyNet, with a planned total investment of 1 billon. Subsequent to the HyGrade takeover, the pellet making capacity was enhanced to 8 MTPA. Our latest List Price, effective from 2nd March, for Ex Rack sales is as follows. Essar Oil UK is a leading UK-focused downstream energy company whose main asset is the Stanlow Manufacturing Complex, one of the most advanced refineries in Europe and situated close to the major cities of Liverpool and Manchester. Dhanpat Nahata is the General Partner, Strategy and Risk, at Essar Capital. He has held several senior management positions within the financial services industry over the past twenty-two years with experience in stockbroking, investment and treasury management, corporate and fund administration and insurance mainly in Mauritius and Canada. Essar Capital Limited (Essar Capital) is the investment manager of Essar Global Fund Limited (EGFL). Essar is investing to make our refinery at Stanlow, the UK's first low carbon refinery. Box 2260 Tempe, Arizona 85280-2260 To visit us on site: ASU Fulton Center 300 E. University Drive Tempe, AZ . We unlock trapped value for energy partners feeling shackled by a lack of innovation and the status quo by maximising our flexible, end-to-end, safe and agile approach to logistics solutions management. Intelius does not provide consumer reports and is not a consumer reporting agency as defined by the FCRA. Essar Oil UK, which operates Stanlow Refinery, and Fulcrum BioEnergy, based in California, US, have teamed up with Stanlow Terminals to develop the . In her last assignment as Chief People Officer Hometown & Ezone, Priya was responsible for driving a transformational HR agenda that focused on organisational culture, building a talent pipeline, and initiating & aligning all people practices to business achievement. Moreover, the quality of scrap was also not always up to the mark. Kailash Daultani currently serves as the Managing Director, Treasury and Finance, at Essar Capital. The Fulcrum venture will complement Essar's wider plans to build a green energy industrial cluster at the Stanlow site. Prashant has been an integral part of EGFLs operations and management since 1985 and a key driver of the Funds growth, diversification and value creation, both within India and internationally. In her earlier stint with Essar, Priya has worked at Senior Management roles, initially with Essar Oil and then as Head International HR (Corporate HR). Essar Energy. A slew of projects in each of these businesses were initiated in the 1990s when the Indian economy was booming. The Stanlow refinery supplies about a sixth of the UKs road fuel. Rewants global exposure, fresh perspectives and arc of activities has contributed to Essars strategy and operations in the mining, steel and retail sectors both in India and abroad. Together, these initiatives will help diversify the refinery in a greener direction, and help achieve the UK's decarbonisation goals. Strategic investments in setting up world-class facilities in Steel, Power, Ports, Oil and Gas. Essar Energy, which owns the Stanlow. Additionally, he is also a member of the India-Indonesia CEOs Forum. Box 2260 Tempe, Arizona 85280-2260 For all other mailing needs: ASU Foundation P.O. With over 27 years of work experience in diverse industries ranging from Manufacturing (Metals, Mining & Power Generation) to Services sectors (Commercial Airline and Technology, inclusive of Business Process Outsourcing sectors), he provides strategic direction to the management of the Mesabi Portfolio. Prashant is part of the second generation of the Ruia family that founded Essar. Essars Indian lenders refused to bail the company out. Purchasing and Supplier Management (PSM) enquiry, Essar Oil UK Ltd - Code Of Conduct.pdf document - PDF | 4.8MB, Essar Oil UK - Anti-Slavery and Human Trafficking Statement.pdf document - PDF | 85.6KB, Essar Gender Pay Gap 2021.pdf document - PDF | 1.2MB, Tax Strategy Policy.pdf document - PDF | 481.5KB. It vigorously worked towards restructuring its balance sheet, drawing up a three-pronged strategy to address . Essar is a leading UK-focused downstream energy company whose main asset is the Stanlow Manufacturing Complex, one of the most advanced refineries in Europe situated close to the major cities of Liverpool and Manchester. Last month Essar Oil UK announced its participation in the production of blue hydrogen under the HyNet project. The ambitious plan sets firm foundations to accelerate the UK's path to net zero while transforming the economy, boosting employment and delivering growth. An oil giant has announced plans to invest 1.9bn in Stanlow oil refinery in Cheshire, including establishing a plant to supply industrial hydrogen. He started his career with Escorts Limited where he worked and grew through various roles of operations and business development. The joint venture company then went about consolidating operations and acquiring various telecom circles. He holds a BA (Hons) in Economics and a Masters in Investment and Finance. He is respected for his project execution skills, financial expertise and people management capabilities. Unite general secretary Sharon Graham said: "Unite has contacted Essar who operate the Stanlow Oil Refinery to inform the company that due to the ongoing conflict in Ukraine, Unite workers at . It will also utilise direct pipeline access to pump and transport the SAF to UK airports through the Manchester Jet Line and the UK Oil Pipeline network (UKOP). For Essar's Stanlow Terminals Limited, this is a breakthrough deal to provide dedicated tank capacity for the storage and blending of fuel products from Fulcrum NorthPoint. The aim was to build a diverse fleet that could help hedge any downturns in the business. Essar Oil UK (EOUK) used the governments pandemic VAT deferral scheme last year, which allowed businesses to delay tax repayments. In 2005, when the vessel rates peaked, Essar sold its five Suezmax tankers at the price at which they were bought in 1994. In order to lend stability to the Group, Essar planned to enter manufacturing. Around this time, Bombay High had just started producing oil, which needed to be transported onshore. Mahalaxmi, The construction of two blue hydrogen production hubs at Stanlow will attract 750 million pounds ($1 Billion) in total investment and support a hydrogen economy across North West England and North East Wales. Essar is building assets & creating value in new promising markets right from services to retail in India and internationally. He has worked as an Economic Advisor, and the principal economic policy maker at the state level for seven years. Physical location: 777 Novus, Suite 310AA, Tempe, AZ 85287-4308 Building: Novus Tower, Tempe Campus Mailing address: P.O. Essar Oil UK is committed to helping drive the UK's decarbonisation strategy. Harnessing our expertise and experience, ambition and can-do approach, we contribute to a more sustainable society while providing value propositions to our partners by simplifying their supply chains. Essar Steel was now a producer of flat steel and joined the select group of Indian companies that produced this commodity. Prior to joining Essar Capital, Vikash was an Executive Director and CEO of SSKI Corporate Finance Ltd, a boutique investment bank specialising in infrastructure financing and advisory. The steel generation capacity at the Hazira plant was raised from 2 MTPA to 2.4 MTPA through de-bottlenecking. Production started in November 2006 with a capacity of 7.5 MTPA. Suite 220 Thangapandian Srinivasalu currently serves as the Advisor for investments in the Energy sector at Essar Capital. The promoters could foresee the demand, a vision that paid rich dividends. Kent plc has been awarded a pre-FEED engineering contract to develop the facility that will take the CO2 emitted from one of Europes largest full-Residue Fluidised Catalytic Cracking units, located at the Stanlow refinery. The challenge was to select a sector that was an import substitute, with a product that had long-term demand and served a national purpose. He is a seasoned professional with over 27 years of experience, including 23 years in international investment banking & private equity. Stanlow Manufacturing Complex, Being the largest independent means we can move quickly to meet your bulk liquid storage needs, Unique Refinery Access Essar had contracts with Chevron, Exxon-Mobil, Stat Oil, Shell, etc. This brought down the capital cost per tonne of steel, which helped reduce overall cost of production. Steel: The uncertainties of a cyclical business. Left with no option, Essar was forced to default on the FRN loan, despite having made concrete plans for refinancing. The Stanlow oil refinery supplies about a sixth of Britains road fuel, and is owned by the billionaire brothers Shashi and Ravi Ruia, through their company Essar Oil UK. Essar owned 33% stake in the consolidated entity. He established PetroFina in India and was part of the team that launched Gulf Oil in India post opening up of the market. Fulcrum's partner, Essar, will assist with the blending and supply the sustainable aviation fuel to airlines, with Stanlow Terminals Limited providing product storage and logistics solutions for the project under a long-term agreement. The remainder of our products leave via the Manchester Ship canal, The energy recovery plant processes both liquid and solid waste and is capable of generating 350 tonnes of steam every day for refinery use, Products manufactured by chemicals produced at Stanlow are used in the manufacture offoams for furniture and bedding, artificial sports tracks, ski suits and waterproof leisure wear. His strength lies in leading new business development opportunities and conducting preliminary due diligence and analysis of emergent companies and partners. Northampton Diesel 121.98 ppl, PU10 114.89 ppl. Essar wanted to buy out Hutchisons stake and tied up a line of credit of over USD 11 billion. Correspondence address The Administration Building, 5th Floor, Stanlow Manufacturing Complex, Ellesmere Port, Cheshire, CH65 4HB . Essar Oil UK Contact us Contact us How can we help you? The Manchester Ship Canal that connects Liverpool to Manchester also provides further hinterland water connection to North West UK. All these projects helped transform Essar Constructions into a leading EPC contractor. With over 20 years of experience in the field of M&A and transactions, he leads all the M&A structuring on complex transactions globally for Essar Capital. Managing Director, Finance, Infrastructure, Technology & Retail, Managing Director, Business Development, Metals & Mining, Download Corporate Film(Extended Version). Object reference not set to an instance of an object. All Rights Reserved. He is responsible for all HR matters for the Metals & Mining and Services & Technology portfolios. Essar JV to build UK's largest hydrogen hub 2 min read . Stein Ivar Bye, Chief Executive Officer, Essar Oil UK, commented: Stanlow has produced high quality energy products for over 60 years and we intend to remain a key national supplier of energy for the UK into the future. In the second quarter, a devastating cyclone hit the western coast of India damaging several structures in the refinery site. Essar is a leading UK-focused downstream energy company whose main asset is the Stanlow Manufacturing Complex, one of the most advanced refineries in Europe situated close to the major cities of Liverpool and Manchester. In 2012, he was awarded an excellence award for his contribution to renewable energy and sustainability by the Energy and Environment Foundation. Prashant holds key positions on several prestigious regulatory and professional boards. Currently, he heads the country operations of Afrocentric Group in Mauritius and is the Managing Director of Medscheme International. Essar sponsors Indias largest annual junior soccer hunt challenger, Essar pledges to make substantial investment in the state of Odisha, www.essaroil.co.uk/news/uks-first-refinery-based-hydrogen-furnace-arrives-at-essar/, Essars ambition is to be a leading low carbon refinery, with a long-term transformation into a low carbon energy provider, Major driver of carbon reduction will be the construction of a 360 million CO2 Capture Plant, set to start in Q1 2025, with completion in 2027. Previously Group Director at Gulf Petrochem, he is an oil and gas professional with around 35 years of experience in sales, marketing and trading of petroleum products in India, the Middle East and Nigeria with Public Sector Undertakings, Multi-National Companies and private sector companies. Essar Ports Limited Located on the south side of the Mersey Estuary close to Liverpool and Manchester, STL is the newest and largest third party liquid storage business in the UK, controlling 3 million cubic metres of capacity. Correspondence address Essar Oil (uk) Limited, Lansdowne House - 2nd Floor East, Berkeley Square, London, England, W1J 6ER . Vikash is also a member of the Management Committee of Essar Capital. There was an FCCB (Foreign Currency Convertible Bonds) component that needed to be raised abroad in the latter half of 1998. This is great news for the North West, with hundreds of jobs created as the region takes the lead in making aviation greener.I hope this is a sign of great things to come as we look forward to a sustainable, low carbon future for aviation, helping us push forward towards our 2050 net-zero target. He has also led digitalisation initiative in GRC space and was instrumental in running technology-based solution around enterprise risk, compliance risk, license management and document repository systems. An MBA from IIM Lucknow, Rakesh is a qualified Engineer from NIT, and brings with him 13 years of experience. Sponge iron generation capacity was also increased to 5.5 MTPA. Essar Group on Monday announced a fresh investment of $3.6 billion in setting up an Essar Energy Transition (EET) to spearhead green energy transition projects in the UK and India. However, the recovery from the pandemic has been slower than predicted, the company said, adding that it hopes for a resolution soon. Ian Cotton, Head of Communications and Community. He has also advised boards and management on major transactions in 34 countries. Realising the need to be a niche player in the global transportation industry, Essar drew up a plan to be a complete logistics solution provider. The Stanlow project, named Fulcrum NorthPoint, will create 800 direct and indirect jobs during the design, build and commissioning process and over 100 permanent jobs during its operation. With 18 years of experience, he has also served as the Senior Vice President, International Projects and Corporate Finance, with Essar Services. Work on the refinery began in 1994, and by 1995, the necessary funding was in place. Maharashtra, India, Copyright 2021 All rights reserved It had a fleet of over 100 vehicles of varying capacities. Vessel handling, product discharge, processing, blending and more, Connectivity Solutions Until then, only foreign construction companies would undertake a project of this magnitude and complexity. 925.730.0150. This innovative bio-refinery will convert several hundred thousand tonnes of pre-processed waste, which would have otherwise been destined for incineration or landfill, into approximately 100 million litres of low carbon SAF annually. ian.cotton@essaroil.co.uk and 07805 854169, Jeff Ovens, Managing Director, UK & Europe, jovens@fulcrum-bioenergy.com and 07399 472 650. By 2006, all the circles were under one umbrellaHutchison Essar Limited. Shashi Ruia began his career in the family business in 1965 under the guidance of his father, the late Nand Kishore Ruia. Six business areas in the core sectorConstruction, Shipping, Steel, Power, Oil & Gas, and Telecommunicationswere identified as growth drivers for the Group. Even during the downturn in the shipping industry, Essar Shipping registered profits. Ellesmere Port, Cheshire, He was chairman and chief executive of J&K Bank for five years. The construction and shipping businesses grew rapidly and Essar gradually established itself as a leading marine and industrial construction company. As the world comes together to develop innovative ways of generating sustainable energy the supporting storage and transportation infrastructure needs to evolve. The company approached State Bank of India (SBI), a leading public sector bank in India, for a loan. Contact Us. Additionally, he has held leadership positions at IAA Healthcare, Metropolitan Insurance, CIM Global Business, CIM Asset Management, Ireland Blyth Limited and HSBC respectively. Essar began the process of refinancing one year in advance, in May 1998. He Joined Essar in 1997 as COO in Essar Telecom and was the Executive Director of Essar Shipping Limited from 1998-2002. This prompted Essar to start manufacturing sponge iron. Essar Ports is both a people-driven and people-centric organisation. The only alternative to scrap was sponge iron, but there were no sponge iron manufacturers on the west coast of India despite a large number of users. He is responsible for investigation, analysis and assessment of risk, and accordingly design and implement strategies and processes which mitigate these threats. Work also started on expanding capacity from 2.4 MTPA to 4.6 MTPA through brownfield expansion, which requires far less capital than similar greenfield projects The cost of this project was USD 2.64 billion. This landmark development supports our long term sustainability ambition to deliver the energy solutions of the future and position Stanlow as the UK's leading sustainable aviation fuel hub. In addition to OSVs, it bought Diving Support Vessels and Multi Support Vessels. . This was not sufficient for the business to achieve and sustain long-term growth. He is responsible to advise and represent the company for all the legal matters concerning the Energy sector investments and portfolio businesses. Prior to joining Essar, he was the CEO of Religare Finvest Limited (RFL) and the Managing Director of Religare Housing Development Finance Corporation (RHDCL). He would be responsible for advising and leading the company with regards all investments and opportunities in the metals & mining sector. He joined Burmah Shell in 1957, also known as Bharat Petroleum Corporation Ltd after it was nationalised, and retired from it as director marketing. All of its portfolio companies share the Funds ESG centric value system, reflecting the philosophy of placing people before profit. Essar bought Stanlow in 2011 An oil giant has announced plans to invest 1.9bn in Stanlow oil refinery in Cheshire, including establishing a plant to supply industrial hydrogen. He also ensures the successful delivery of the organisations corporate and business plans and desired outcomes.

Air Force Rotc Detachment Rankings, Articles E